Designing a French navy at five percent of GDP

What French fleet should a defence budget of five percent of GDP support?

He proposes two or three carriers, replacement amphibious ships, seven balanced escort groups, global presence ships, and enough replenishment vessels to sustain forces on both sides of Suez.

Each major group would combine a large multi-purpose escort, air-defence destroyers, and anti-submarine ships, while sloops or corvettes maintain routine presence. The design responds to France's dispersed Atlantic, Caribbean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific territories, making logistics and persistent availability central rather than treating the carrier count alone as the fleet.