A European land-and-sea ballistic-missile defence

Should European states build a shared ballistic-missile defence that works on land and at sea?

Existing European projects and Aster improvements are presented as possible routes, with sustained investment and cooperation needed to deliver them.

European projects already working towards the capability are tentatively identified. A follow-up questions whether Britain has the necessary radar systems. Sampson and the S1850 long-range radar are then identified as capable foundations, with the shortfall placed in missile upgrades. In the account given here, Britain has contributed to research without consistently buying the resulting improvements. Funding development and acquiring equipment that can deliver the capability remain separate commitments.