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Territory, self-determination, and unequal free trade

The first four principles promised no territorial aggrandizement and wider self-determination, but exposed imperial and economic contradictions.

Notes

The first three points address territorial gains, consent for border changes, and peoples' right to self-determination, language that would create serious difficulties for imperial powers. The fourth calls for lower trade barriers. Nominally equal free trade could favor an undamaged American industrial economy over bombed countries struggling to rebuild factories and domestic markets. An attractive general principle can produce unequal results when states begin from radically different economic positions.