Carrier torpedo bombers before twin-engine concepts

Would earlier twin-engine carrier aircraft have brought practical torpedo bombers to carriers sooner?

No. Practical carrier torpedo bombers such as the Sopwith Cuckoo and Blackburn Dart already existed near the beginning of carrier aviation.

Twin engines were unnecessary to make carrier torpedo bombing practical. The Sopwith Cuckoo was developed for HMS Furious, and the Blackburn Dart provided another workable early example. A later aircraft might carry a torpedo internally for reduced drag, but that is a different and more demanding capability. Engine power had to cover fuel, navigation equipment, survival gear, and additional crew as well as the weapon itself. Practical carrier torpedo bombing came first; greater range, speed, and internal stowage were separate later ambitions.