The experience of HMS Furious, HMS Eagle, and HMS Hermes offered practical evidence against fitting carriers with casemate guns. Their operations showed that retaining surface-gunship assumptions did not improve a carrier's central aviation role. Even so, designers repeated the mistake many times. Graf Zeppelin's gun-heavy design belongs to this wider pattern of carrying surface-combat ideas into aviation ships.
Notable Point · 26:17-26:30
Early British carriers argued against casemate guns
Operations by Furious, Eagle, and Hermes suggested that casemate guns were a poor carrier-design choice, yet the mistake was repeated.