Germany was not usually the navy making the first leap in main-gun calibre. American and Japanese programmes could move first in guns, while Italian designers advanced turret arrangements. Britain then had to answer those changes to preserve a margin against possible opponents around the world. Germany's response to new British ships made the Anglo-German race real, but other navies supplied much of the technological pressure.
Notable Point · 12:01-13:19
Gun and turret advances came from beyond Germany
American and Japanese gun choices and Italian turret design pushed technology forward, while German capital ships generally answered British advances.