Combat remains uncertain even when doctrine and tactical judgment appear sound. In Mediterranean operations during the Second World War, both sides could follow the practices expected of their time and still see events go wrong. Sometimes one side suffered, sometimes both did, and a striking number of engagements ended without either side losing anything. Doctrine, exercises, and weapon performance help manage risk, but they cannot guarantee victory.
Notable Point · 44:27-45:16
Why correct doctrine can still produce no result
Second World War Mediterranean fighting illustrates how both sides can act soundly within doctrine and still achieve little because combat outcomes remain uncertain.