When depth charges damaged surface combatants

Have depth charges ever sunk or damaged a surface ship?

Yes. Depth charges were used against surface craft, although some attacks caused damage without a sinking.

Depth charges have been used against surface ships as well as submarines. Motor torpedo boats and motor gun boats employed them in fights with Schnellboote, and destroyers sometimes dropped charges ahead of cruisers. Commonwealth and American ships appear among the recalled examples, although some attacks damaged their targets without sinking them. Submarine chasers could also be sunk by their own depth charges if they failed to clear the explosion at the expected speed.