The 1277 settlement was generous by medieval standards because defeated Welsh rulers retained their lives, lands, and titles. The first castle programme supported that settlement by deterring renewed conflict while leaving local lords in place. After the 1282 rising, the second phase pursued control more directly by replacing rulers whom Edward no longer trusted. Denbigh connects fortification to a change in occupation policy rather than a simple demand for stronger walls.
Notable Point · 6:56-7:47
Deterrence gives way to direct control
Edward I's relatively accommodating 1277 settlement gives way to a second castle wave that replaces local rulers with dependable royal or marcher authority.