Why was Andrew Cunningham not dismissed after losing major ships?
Short answerBecause wartime command accepts losses and rewards decisive action differently from peacetime service, so casualties alone did not prove he had failed.
NotesPeacetime standards of loss avoidance do not fit Andrew Cunningham's wartime command. Ships are lost in combat, so a serious casualty does not automatically show that an admiral should be removed. The comparison contrasts peacetime concern over a missed shot and wasted ammunition with wartime pressure to fire before the enemy does. Operational aggression and results could outweigh the mere fact of losses.