Q&A · 11:51-17:25

Cunningham, Lee, or Mikawa in a night action

Cunningham's close-range discipline and experience, Lee's gunnery, and British night exercises explain the preference to face Mikawa.

Question

With equal forces and crews, would you rather face Mikawa, Lee, or Cunningham at night?

Short answer

Mikawa is the preferred opponent, because Cunningham's close-range discipline and experience and Lee's gunnery make the alternatives especially threatening.

Notes

Mikawa is the preferred opponent among the three, with Cunningham judged the most dangerous and Lee another unwelcome choice. Cunningham's willingness to wait for a close, decisive firing position would leave little opportunity to recover from his opening salvo. Lee's handling of Washington against Kirishima, once clear of South Dakota, provides another example of effective night gunnery. Cunningham also had more experience of night actions, supported by Royal Navy training that included free-play fleet exercises. American and Japanese prewar preparation had not fully anticipated the conditions they would meet in wartime.