Why cruise-missile torpedo hybrids remain a niche weapon

Will navies field a cruise-missile and torpedo hybrid for attacking submarines, ships, or shore targets?

The idea has been tested, but uncertain long-range submarine targeting and inefficient payload tradeoffs have kept it from becoming a broadly useful weapon.

Several navies have explored weapons that fly like cruise missiles before delivering a torpedo. The anti-submarine version still depends on a sufficiently accurate long-range contact, so the hybrid does not solve the hardest part of ASW. Against surface ships, diving below a close-in weapon system is attractive, but torpedo countermeasures still apply. The weight devoted to the torpedo and its delivery machinery can instead buy more missile fuel or a larger conventional warhead.