When did naval guns begin to be produced in consistent types and quality?
Short answerStandardization develops gradually, with the Cromwellian navy making a major contribution as army battery practice influenced naval arrangements.
NotesThe Cromwellian navy marks the point where more systematic naval-gun standardization accelerated. Its large and important fleet created a stronger institutional setting for common armament practices. Commanders with army backgrounds could also draw on batteries that were already being standardized ashore. The answer links military administration and weapons supply to a warship's fighting efficiency.