Why did the Cold War US Navy operate several unique SSNs with unusual propulsion or sensing features, unlike today?
Short answerThey tested competing ideas during development, after which a successful arrangement could be repeated.
NotesThe unusual Cold War SSNs were development boats for trying competing ideas. Their different propulsion and sensing arrangements belong to a period when the preferred combination was still being learned. Once a design worked, repeating it reduced the need to pursue every alternative through another unique boat.