Was there a historical equivalent to a large force secretly landing from a merchant ship?
Short answerThere are older precedents for deceptive landings, but a Cold War-scale merchant-ship operation would be far larger and easier to expose.
NotesOlder precedents for deceptive landings include Vikings arriving under the appearance of traders. A Cold War merchant vessel could carry far more troops and equipment, but that capacity also makes the operation much larger. Shipping records, route information, and patrol aircraft give defenders ways to notice that a vessel is not where its identity says it should be. Once exposed, the raider becomes vulnerable to anti-ship weapons, so scale and traceability undermine the concealment that made the older examples possible.