Could the United States sustain an invasion of Canada before the 1910s?
Short answerCanada's sparse transport network, mountains, cold, and snow would make sustaining an invasion difficult despite its proximity to the United States.
NotesA nearby Canadian invasion would still present severe logistical problems for the United States. Sparse roads and railways, extensive mountains, severe cold, and snow would all constrain the advance. The operational problem resembles a much larger Falkland Islands campaign: global reach does not guarantee the local transport network needed to sustain an army. The answer is a geographical logistics argument rather than a detailed prediction of a particular war.