Caernarfon's Byzantine comparison and defences

The square Roman fort and Norman motte-and-bailey provide a contrast with Edward I's stone castle. Caernarfon's walls invite comparison with Byzantium, and its appearance is read as a conspicuous statement of power. Numerous arrow loops and high towers with smaller turrets give the building a strong defensive presence. The towers command the relatively flat ground nearby and look toward the surrounding hills. Water protected two sides, including ground later built up for the modern car park. The discussion connects that visual impact with the practical difficulty of approaching the walls.