Weaknesses in a signalling system help explain communication failures, but the original instruction also matters. The objection to the book's defence of Beatty is that it gives too little weight to the quality of the message sent. A more reliable system would still transmit confused or inadequate instructions. Improving the signalling method therefore cannot by itself repair poor orders.
Notable Point · 44:38-45:13
Why reliable signals still need clear orders
A communication system can transmit a poor instruction reliably, leaving defects in the message even after the signalling method improves.