Sound Dues and the Russian shadow fleet's financial trail

How would continuing Danish Sound Dues affect the Russian shadow fleet, and how much revenue would Denmark receive?

Revenue cannot be estimated without knowing how the dues changed with inflation, but collecting them would force vessels to leave financial records that could be tracked.

Continuing Sound Dues would impose an extra charge on ships passing through Danish waters. The possible revenue depends on whether historical rates have been adjusted for inflation, so no firm income estimate is given. Collecting payment would also create financial records. Those transactions would make Russian shadow-fleet movements and dealings easier to follow.