ELF communication depends on shore installations whose scale and geological requirements restrict where they can be built. The national examples include a US system using two antennas at 76 Hz, tentatively recalled as having been dismantled in 2004. A Russian system is tentatively dated to the 1990s, while an Indian VLF installation may have been adapted for ELF. A reported Chinese facility is compared in size with New York City. Its stated earthquake-warning role prompts a discussion of whether it could also support submarine communications, without establishing that it does. Suitable geology matters as well as land area, and combining two uses is suggested as a possibility. The operating status and exact roles of several facilities remain uncertain.
Notable Point · 2:34:51-2:37:30
National ELF transmitters and the scale of shore infrastructure
Examples from the United States, Russia, India, and China show why ELF communication requires extensive shore infrastructure, with several facility details remaining tentative.