Promising next-generation submarine concepts

Which planned submarine concepts look strongest, and how are navies preparing to counter them?

Uncrewed submarines, Chinese SSK concepts, Swedish conventional boats, and the future AUKUS SSN are among the developments discussed, with crewed-uncrewed coordination still difficult.

Uncrewed submarines and new Chinese SSK concepts are identified as developments worth watching. Sweden is credited with producing effective conventional boats, even when development proves difficult. The future AUKUS SSN remains a next-generation design to assess, while other nuclear types are already familiar enough for navies to plan around. Tests of crewed submarines working with uncrewed assets show that coordination remains a learning process.