Why naval procurement can resist competing requirements

Major Army vehicle programs attract requirements from many branches, while a carrier, destroyer, or submarine program is more likely to be led by the naval community that will operate it. This specialization can make it easier to keep a program's requirements focused. Repeated Challenger upgrades contrast with the Royal Navy's multiple frigate and destroyer designs, although elapsed time alone does not explain the difference. Shifting the Army among counterinsurgency, peer-war, and expeditionary priorities makes coherent procurement harder when funding does not cover every desired capability.