What limits an armed icebreaker?

Can icebreakers be converted into warships?

They can carry weapons, but available space and the need to keep systems working in extreme cold limit the conversion.

Some icebreaker designs already have provision for weapons. Space remains limited, and the equipment must function in Arctic temperatures. Second World War operations provide examples of ice interfering with naval guns. Missile systems add temperature-sensitive electronics, while vertical-launch cell covers must remain clear enough to open when required.