Q&A · 8:41:39-8:43:22

How the Royal Navy fixed its early-war torpedo failures

A magnetic-fuze hypothetical leads to the Royal Navy's rapid diagnosis and fleet-wide correction of an over-safe torpedo firing mechanism.

Question

What if Second World War magnetic fuzes worked reliably, except for the American Mark 14?

Short answer

Warspite might have been sunk and German ships would have faced more effective British torpedo attacks. Britain's own failures are attributed here to an overly restrictive safety mechanism, with a fix recalled by about May 1940.

Notes

Reliable German torpedo fuzes could have cost the Royal Navy Warspite, while successful British attacks could have inflicted much heavier losses on German ships. Britain's main fault is attributed here to a safeguard intended to prevent accidental detonation during loading and unloading in submarines. That protection could also prevent the weapon from exploding on target, so it had to be weakened. The problem is recalled as having been isolated around February 1940 and corrected in every affected Royal Navy torpedo by about May. A modification that local submarine and destroyer crews and aircraft squadrons could apply allowed the remedy to spread across the service.