Could cotton shortages and industrial distress have pushed Britain into the American Civil War?
Short answerThe pressure was real, but large prewar stocks gave Britain room to avoid intervention.
NotesA comment raises problems in Lancashire and Coventry, but Britain began the war with several years' worth of cotton production in warehouses. The market had overbought before the conflict and struggled to absorb it. This stockpile provided a substantial buffer once Southern supplies were disrupted. Industrial distress remained real, but it did not create a physical shortage severe enough to dictate foreign policy.