How could a first-rate ship of the line board an empty Nimitz-class carrier?
Short answerClose carefully, use boats and grappling hooks, and exploit normal access doors because cannon fire would not breach the hull.
NotesThe counterfactual turns on real boarding constraints: freeboard, hull strength, access points, and getting sailors across safely. Cannon fire from the first-rate is unlikely to breach a modern carrier hull, so damaging the prize is both ineffective and unnecessary. Boats, grappling hooks, skilled climbers, and the sailing ship's tall masts could put an initial party onto the flight deck or through normal access doors. Modern carriers rely on layered defenses to stop an attacker before boarding, rather than resisting sailors who already control the flight deck and can work downward. Capturing the uncrewed Nimitz intact would then create an extraordinary prize instead of a conventional gunnery victory.