Which navy benefits more from swapping Bismarck and Tirpitz with Yamato and Musashi?
Short answerGermany probably benefits more, while Japan loses the exceptional gun power and numerical-offset role that lay behind the Yamato design.
NotesGerman docks, logistics, and supporting infrastructure would struggle with Yamato-sized ships, but Germany at least gains formidable combat power. Britain would likely accelerate the Lion class or revive very large-gun studies in response. Japan loses much more because Bismarck has fewer and smaller guns despite somewhat greater speed and range. Her 15-inch battery cannot fulfil Yamato's intended role of allowing two Japanese ships to counter four American treaty battleships.