How might the world have changed if Britain had built HMS Dreadnought with 14-inch guns and a 24-knot speed?
Short answerThe exact consequences are unknowable, but Germany's quickly available 11-inch armament would have compared poorly with the new benchmark and a response would have required substantially more weapons development.
NotesThe appended simulation imagines HMS Dreadnought with five triple 14-inch turrets and uses the design to explore a different opening to the dreadnought race. Its one-on-one battle is an illustration, while fuller testing requires a wider fleet model. Germany chose 11-inch guns for its first dreadnoughts largely because they were the quickest available weapons. Their longer barrels and higher velocity supported an argument that they could match British 12-inch guns in different ways. That case becomes far weaker against a 14-inch gun with similar velocity, slightly greater range, and a much heavier shell. A British 14-inch benchmark would therefore have made Germany's rapid response more difficult and exposed the difference between a feasible next step and a speculative 20-inch leap.