How much would Germany have to change to win at Jutland without an artificial ship-sinking advantage?
Short answerA great deal, because it must overcome Britain's balanced force of capital ships, cruisers, and destroyers rather than defeat only the battle line.
NotesBritain's funding and spare shipyard capacity supported a balanced fleet at Jutland. Germany's battleship force was substantial, but its cruisers and destroyers lacked the British fleet's depth in numbers and size. The smaller British combatants are described as enjoying roughly a two-to-one numerical advantage. Concentrating expenditure on prestigious capital ships left Germany with too little supporting force to match the entire British fleet. Removing British battleships in the counterfactual would have to free German capital ships to attack those smaller combatants as well as the remaining battle line. The same spending imbalance is compared with American concentration on capital ships before the Two-Ocean Navy Act.