Was there a naval battle where one ship fought an opposing fleet largely alone?
Short answerThe Battle of Elli is a strong example, especially Kountouriotis's handling of Georgios Averof.
NotesThe First Balkan War's Battle of Elli is the clearest example offered. Ottoman accounts may frame it as a Dardanelles action, an alternate name that helps locate the battle. Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis used the armored cruiser Georgios Averof in an unusually independent and aggressive role against the Ottoman force. The ship did not literally fight without a wider Greek fleet, but her handling created the near-solo impression behind the question. A brief mention of the Spanish ship África at Trafalgar leaves open other possible examples.