Did Augustus call himself princeps during his lifetime?
Short answerYes. Augustus used princeps, or First Citizen, while emperor is a simpler description that leaves his other titles unexplained.
NotesAugustus used princeps, or First Citizen, during his lifetime. Calling him emperor is a convenient simplification, while princeps belongs to the political terminology of his own position. His choice of titles involved distinctions that require a fuller account of Roman government.