The failure was broader than one arrogant proconsul: legates, tribunes, and soldiers apparently did not compel Caepio to obey the sitting consul. Joining Mallius would have made their veteran force the secondary army and shifted public credit to the consul's command. Roman military service fed elections and family reputation, so subordinates also benefited when their own army won independently. The victorious force normally gained first access to the enemy camp and its spoils as well. Institutional hierarchy therefore competed with shared incentives for prestige, political advancement, and profit. Caepio's divided command endured because enough of his army expected to gain from it.
Notable Point · 2:14:17-2:18:10
Why Caepio's officers accepted divided command
Caepio's subordinates shared his incentive to seek an independent victory because honor, careers, and captured wealth flowed through the victorious army.