Q&A · 1:52:25-1:55:51

How removing Tirpitz could change the Anglo-German naval race

A Tirpitz counterfactual contrasts the historical numerical race with a smaller German fleet competing mainly through battleship technology.

Question

How large might the Imperial German Navy have become if Alfred von Tirpitz had been removed from power?

Short answer

It would probably have been smaller and different, with an Anglo-German technology competition replacing much of Tirpitz's destabilizing race in fleet numbers.

Notes

No obvious replacement would have driven German naval expansion on Tirpitz's scale. A leader such as Henning von Holtzendorff would still have built a navy, but a different one. Competition with Britain would probably center on the quality, armament, and technology of individual battleships instead of matching fleet numbers. Britain could answer that contest with its next design, whereas Tirpitz's numerical program forced it to preserve a decisive margin while maintaining a globally operational fleet. The historical race created heavier economic pressure and became a sharper political threat. A later follow-up speculates that a technology competition would have worried Britain less and reduced naval rivalry as a motive for wider war.