The deception-and-attrition concept envisioned submarines, long-range torpedoes, and naval aircraft weakening an American advance before the fleet battle. At sea, however, a commander can usually turn back while fuel remains, so attrition had to resemble slowly heating water rather than a sudden barrier. Japanese forces needed to begin inflicting losses early without making the danger obvious enough to halt the advance. The plan therefore depended on an emotional shock strong enough for political orders to override prudent naval withdrawal. Restrictive Kriegsmarine rules of engagement provide a wider example of political direction working against sound naval operational judgement.
Chapter · 20:13-24:11
Ambush, attrition, and the political trap
Japanese planning needed to attrit an advancing American fleet slowly enough that political pressure kept it moving toward a decisive battle.