D'Eyncourt was among the early advocates of all-or-nothing armour, although he is not credited here as its sole inventor. Designers heading several national construction departments faced similar gun, armour, weight, and survivability problems. Comparable technical training and constraints could therefore produce related solutions independently. Similar features do not necessarily prove that one navy copied another.
Notable Point · 14:18-15:30
All-or-nothing armour and convergent naval design
D'Eyncourt's early advocacy of concentrated armour illustrates how naval constructors in different countries could reach similar answers to the same protection problem.