Was the Royal Navy's appearance at the Algeciras Conference improvised or prepared?
Short answerIt was a prepared contingency: the conference was matched by nearby combined fleet exercises and reserve activation, enabling a rapid demonstration.
NotesThe fleet's appearance looked sudden, but major British forces and activated reserve ships were already close at hand. Combined Atlantic and Mediterranean Fleet exercises created an immediately available force without requiring the crisis order itself to assemble one from scratch. That preparation allowed political direction from London to produce a visible result in hours rather than days or weeks. Apparent speed in a crisis often rests on dispositions made before political authorization arrives.