How Age of Sail capital ships were rated

What factors besides gun number and weight determined an Age of Sail capital ship's rate?

Very little beyond the nominal gun count, commonly tied to gun-port piercings rather than every weapon carried.

A ship's rate was driven principally by its nominal gun count. The formal number often followed the gun-port piercings in the hull rather than every weapon physically carried. Smaller guns on the upper works could push the actual total above the published rate. A rating is an administrative classification rather than a complete inventory of fighting power.