Several officers translated the two leaders' plans into fleet and army deployments. Octavian's side included Arruntius, the land commander Taurus, and Lurius, whose formation also carried Octavian, all under Agrippa's operational direction. Antony's line included Marcus Octavius, Publicola, and the army commander Canidius, while Cleopatra held the sixty-ship reserve. Actium required coordination among these formations. Coalition command and control of the reserve shaped the options available once the fleets engaged.
Notable Point · 29:48-31:35
The commanders behind Actium's two battle lines
Actium was directed by layered coalition command teams rather than by Octavian and Antony alone.