What would a Franco-Italian naval war in the early 1940s look like without outside help?
Short answerItaly might win, but the exact timing and the hypothetical arrival of the Joffre carriers could change the balance.
NotesIn a hypothetical early-1940s naval war without outside help, Italy is tentatively favoured. The exact date matters because the assessment changes if the proposed Joffre carriers have entered service. Those carriers are judged a substantial improvement on Béarn. The outcome remains conditional on the French carrier programme.