The year 1943 brought a different phase from the carrier raid. German submarines established a base at Penang, extending the Kriegsmarine into the Indian Ocean while Japan committed most of its own submarines against the United States. The US Tenth Air Force and long-range Liberator raids became increasingly relevant to striking that network. The campaign dispersed across patrol, escort, air attack, and anti-submarine interdiction instead of concentrating on one decisive fleet battle.
Chapter · 2:28:43-2:29:13
1943 shifted the Indian Ocean toward air and anti-submarine warfare
After the raid, the theater's main pressure increasingly came from submarines, aircraft, and the new German base at Penang.